We probably interact with these every single day. The three that most people know about are solid, liquid, and gaseous states.

Various isotopes have since been condensed. Hulet's team subsequently showed the condensate could be stabilized by confinement quantum pressure for up to about 1000 atoms. Lithium has attractive interactions, causing the condensate to be unstable and collapse for all but a few atoms. Cornell, Wieman and Ketterle won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievements.Ī group led by Randall Hulet at Rice University announced a condensate of lithium atoms only one month following the JILA work. Ketterle's condensate had a hundred times more atoms, allowing important results such as the observation of quantum mechanical interference between two different condensates. About four months later, an independent effort led by Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT condensed sodium-23. Phillips the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics) and magnetic evaporative cooling.

They cooled a dilute vapor of approximately two thousand rubidium-87 atoms to below 170 nK using a combination of laser cooling (a technique that won its inventors Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. The first 'pure' Bose–Einstein condensate was created by Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and co-workers at JILA on 5 June 1995.

What are the 3 states of matter